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- Network Working Group S. Hardcastle-Kille
- Request for Comments: 1328 University College London
- May 1992
-
-
- X.400 1988 to 1984 downgrading
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet
- community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
- Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol
- Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document considers issues of downgrading from X.400(1988) to
- X.400(1984) [MHS88a, MHS84]. Annexe B of X.419 specifies some
- downgrading rules [MHS88b], but these are not sufficient for
- provision of service in an environment containing both 1984 and 1988
- components. This document defines a number of extensions to this
- annexe.
-
- This specification is not tutorial. COSINE Study 8.2 by J.A.I.
- Craigie gives a useful overview [Cra88].
-
- 1. The need to Downgrade
-
- It is expected that X.400(1988) systems will be extensively deployed,
- whilst there is still substantial use of X.400(1984). If 1988
- features are to be used, it it important for there to be a clear
- approach to downgrading. This document specifies an approach to
- downgrading for the Internet and COSINE communities. As 1988 is a
- strict superset of 1984, the mapping is a one-way problem.
-
- 2. Avoiding Downgrading
-
- Perhaps the most important consideration is to configure systems so
- as to minimise the need for downgrading. Use of 1984 systems to
- interconnect 1988 systems should be strenuously avoided.
-
- In practice, many of the downgrading issues will be avoided. When a
- 1988 originator sends to a 1984 recipient, 1988 specific features
- will not be used as they will not work! For distribution lists with
- 1984 and 1988 recipients, messages will tend to be "lowest common
- denominator".
-
-
-
-
- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1328 X.400 1988 to 1984 downgrading May 1992
-
-
- 3. Addressing
-
- In general there is a problem with O/R addresses which use 88
- specific features. The X.419 downgrade approach will mean that
- addresses using these features cannot be specified from 84 systems.
- Worse, a message originating from such an address cannot be
- transferred into X.400(1984). This is unacceptable. Two approaches
- are defined. The first is a general purpose mechanism, which can be
- implemented by the gateway only. The second is a special purpose
- mechanism to optimise for a form of X.400(88) address which is
- expected to be used frequently (Common Name). The second approach
- requires cooperation from all X.400(88) UAs and MTAs which are
- involved in these interactions.
-
- 3.1 General Approach
-
- The first approach is to use a DDA "X400-88". The DDA value is an
- std-or encoding of the address as defined in RFC 1327 [Kil92]. This
- will allow source routing through an appropriate gateway. This
- solution is general, and does not require co-operation. For example:
-
- 88:
- PD-ADDRESS=Empire State Building; PRMD=XX; ADMD=ZZ; C=US;
-
- 84:
- O=MHS-Relay; PRMD=UK.AC; C=GB;
- DD.X400-88=/PD-ADDRESS=Empire State Building/PRMD=XX/ADMD=ZZ/C=US/;
-
- The std-or syntax can use IA5 characters not in the printable string
- set (typically to handle teletext versions). To enable this to be
- handled, the std-or encoded in encapsulated into printable string
- using the mappings of Section 3.4 of RFC 1327. Where the generated
- address is longer than 128 characters, up to three overflow domain
- defined attributes are used: X400-C1; X400-C2; X400-C3.
-
- 3.2 Common Name
-
- Where a common name attribute is used, this is downgraded to the
- Domain Defined Attribute "Common". For example:
-
- 88:
- CN=Postmaster; O=A; ADMD=B; C=GB;
-
- 84:
- DD.Common=Postmaster; O=A; ADMD=B; C=GB;
-
- The downgrade will always happen correctly. However, it will not
- always be possible for the gateway to do the reverse mapping.
-
-
-
- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1328 X.400 1988 to 1984 downgrading May 1992
-
-
- Therefore, this approach requires that all 1988 MTAs and UAs which
- wish to interact with 1984 systems through gateways following this
- specification will need to understand the equivalence of these two
- forms of address.
-
- 4. MTS
-
- Annexe B of X.419 is sufficient, apart from the addressing.
-
- The discard of envelope fields is unfortunate. However, the
- criticality mechanism ensures that no information the originator
- specifies to be critical is discarded. There is no sensible
- alternative. If mapping to a system which support the MOTIS-86 trace
- extensions, it is recommended that the internal trace of X.400(88) is
- mapped on to this, noting the slight differences in syntax.
-
- 5. IPM Downgrading
-
- The IPM service in X.400(1984) is usually provided by content type 2.
- In many cases, it will be useful for a gateway to downgrade P2 from
- content type 22 to 2. This will clearly need to be made dependent on
- the destination, as it is quite possible to carry content type 22
- over P1(1984). The decision to make this downgrade will be on the
- basis of gateway configuration.
-
- When a gateway downgrades from 22 to 2, the following should be done:
-
- 1. Strip any 1988 specific headings (language indication, and
- partial message indication).
-
- 2. Downgrade all O/R addresses, as described in Section 3.
-
- 3. If a directory name is present, there is no method to preserve
- the semantics within a 1984 O/R Address. However, it is
- possible to pass the information across, so that the information
- in the Distinguished Name can be informally displayed to the
- end user. This is done by appendend a text representation of
- the Distinguished Name to the Free Form Name enclosed in round
- brackets. It is recommended that the "User Friendly Name"
- syntax is used to represent the Distinguished Name [Kil90]. For
- example:
-
- (Steve Hardcastle-Kille, Computer Science,
- University College London, GB)
-
- 4. The issue of body part downgrade is discussed in Section 6.
-
-
-
-
-
- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1328 X.400 1988 to 1984 downgrading May 1992
-
-
- 5.1 RFC 822 Considerations
-
- A message represented as content type 22 may have originated from RFC
- 822 [Cro82]. The downgrade for this type of message can be improved.
- This is discussed in RFC 1327 [Kil92].
-
- 6. Body Part downgrading
-
- The issue of body part downgrade is very much linked up with the
- whole issue of body part format conversion. If no explicit
- conversion is requested, conversion depends on the MTA knowing the
- remote UA's capabilities. The following options are available for
- body part conversion in all cases, including this one. It is assumed
- that body part conversion is avoided where possible.
-
- 1. Downgrade to a standard 1984 body part, without loss of
- information
-
- 2. Downgrade to a standard 1984 body part, with loss of information
-
- 3. Discard the body part, and replace with a (typically IA5 text)
- message. For example:
-
- **********************************************
- *
- * There was a hologram here which could
- * not be converted
- *
- **********************************************
-
- 4. Bounce the message
-
- If conversion is prohibited, 4) must be done. If conversion-with-
- loss is prohibited, 1) should be done if possible, otherwise 4). In
- other cases 2) should be done if possible. If it is not possible,
- the choice between 3) and 4) should be a configuration choice. X.419
- only recognises 4). 3) Seems to be a useful choice in practice,
- particularly where the message contains other body parts. Another
- option is available when downgrading:
-
- 1. Encapsulate the body part as a Nationally Defined 1984
- body part (body part 7).
-
- This should be used when configured for the recipient UA.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1328 X.400 1988 to 1984 downgrading May 1992
-
-
- References
-
- [Cra88] Craigie, J., "Migration strategy for x.400(84) to
- x.400(88)/MOTIS", COSINE Specification Phase 8.2, RARE, 1988.
-
- [Cro82] Crocker, D., "Standard of the Format of ARPA Internet Text
- Messages", RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.
-
- [Kil90] Kille, S., "Using the OSI directory to achieve user friendly
- naming", Research Note RN/90/29, Department of Computer
- Science, University College London, February 1990.
-
- [Kil92] Kille, S., "Mapping between X.400(1988) / ISO 10021 and RFC
- 822", RFC 1327, University College London, May 1992.
-
- [MHS84] Recommendations X.400, October 1984. CCITT SG 5/VII, Message
- Handling Systems: System Model - Service Elements.
-
- [MHS88a] CCITT recommendations X.400 / ISO 10021, April 1988. CCITT
- SG 5/VII / ISO/IEC JTC1, Message Handling: System and
- Service Overview.
-
- [MHS88b] CCITT recommendations X.419/ ISO 10021, April 1988.
- CCITT SG 5/VII / ISO/IEC JTC1, Message Handling: Protocol
- Specifications.
-
- 7. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- 8. Author's Address
-
- Steve Hardcastle-Kille
- Department of Computer Science
- University College London
- Gower Street
- WC1E 6BT
- England
-
- Phone: +44-71-380-7294
- EMail: S.Kille@CS.UCL.AC.UK
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- Hardcastle-Kille [Page 5]
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